Stereotypical = having typical qualities

Fallible = able to make mistakes and be wrong

Sociable = friendly or seeking company

Tendency = recurring action or behavior

Gender = sex (male or female)

Lifetime = period of time you are alive

Empathise = understand someone’s feelings

Hardwired = automatic behavior

Habitually = usually or repeatedly

Adolescent = teenager

Sibling = brother or sister

Characteristic = typical feature

Basis = the principal idea

Toxic = poisonous

Fertilizer = plant food

Contaminated = polluted

Ascertain = make sure or establish

Breakthrough = important new discovery

Release = allow to escape(gas) or give off

Accumulate = collect over time, gather or build up

Absorb = take in or soak up (liquid or gas)

Synthetic = man-made or artificial

Potential = ability / capability

Advances = progress or developments

Precise = exact or accurate

Quantify = count or measure

Determine = discover or find out

Establish = prove

Significant = important

Review = check or go over

Concentrate = think very hard

Specialize = concentrate on one subject

Profound = deep or intense (effect or feeling)

Cognitive = connected to thinking or mental

Curiosity = desire to know or find out / interest

Achievement = reaching a goal or success

Failure = lack of success or collapse

Determination = trying hard or not giving up

Miscalculation = bad judgment or calculation

Collaborate = work together with

Methodical = in a careful or ordered way

Persuade = get s to agree

Convinced = sure of Something

Unavoidable = certain to happen

Commercialized = focused on profits

Pressure = forcefully persuade compel

Incorporate = use / include / contain

Entice = persuade by offering Something/ tempt

Bombard = attack continuously / pester

Inescapable = cannot be avoided / unavoidable

Inhabitants = people living in a place

Custom = local tradition

Attract = act like a magnet

Remote = distant / far away

Spectacular = amazing

Landscape = large area of countryside

Outweigh = be more important than

Basic = simple / not luxurious

Barren = without plants

Cautious = avoiding risks / wary

Wander = walk without aim / stroll / roam

Adventurous = willing to try new thing / daring

Spontaneous = act without planning / unplanned

Unspoilt = beautiful or undamaged (place)

Wilderness = land not used

Paradise = a perfect place

Leisurely = in a relaxed way / not rushed (adj+adv)

Foreign = strange or unfamiliar

Rival = be good as S else

Entitlement = right or privilege

Healthcare = care for the sick

Oppose = be against

Assistance = help / aid

Guidelines = official advice /rules

Consensus = general agreement / unity

Instil = put and idea or feeling in  mind

Taxpayer = person paying tax /ordinary citizen

Corrupt = dishonest /abusing their power

Expenditure = total amount a government spends

Resolve = firmly decide /undertake

Authority = legal power / right

Instability = lack of stability or uncertainty

Bureaucracy = admin system /official procedures

Nocturnal = active at night

Dwindle = become smaller or fewer

Habitat = A natural environment

Prey=an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food

Survival = continuing to live or exist

Co-exist = live in the same time or place

Abandon = leave (a place or vehicle) empty or uninhabited, 

Captivity = the state of being locked up

Cruelty = behavior that causes pain

Expenditure = total amount a government spends

Sanctuary = safe = protected place

Defence = reaction to attack/ self-protection

Conservation = protecting them

Colony=a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country

Creature = living thing

Prolonged = lengthy / over a long time

Rotation = spinning /turning

Fragile = easily broken /delicate

Vertical = pointing, going up

Transmit = send out(a signal)

Run-down = neglected / in a bad condition

Hardware =tools, machinary and other durable equipment.

Upgrade = improve the quality

Innovative = inventive / a new use of something

Computerized = run or controlled by computer

Devise = come up with = invent

Equipped = have(a tool) included or attached

Manufactured = made in a factory

Operate = work(a machine)

Convey = transport

Automated = done by machine.

Mechanical=operated by a machine or machinery.

Accelerate = go faster

Manually = by hand

Technique = method

Rotate = turn

Mass-produced = made on large scale

Ethical = morally right

Emerge = appear / arise

Disposable = intended to be thrown away

Second-hand = used / not new

Possessions = things you own/ belongings

Donate = give money or goods to charity

Individuality = what makes you different or unique

Impulse = sudden urge or desire

Manufacturer = company making goods / producer

Material = physical / related to possessions

Affluent = rich / wealthy /prosperous

Deprived = poor /disadvantaged

Congested = having too much traffic

Sanitation = system to remove dirty water or waste

Homelessness = the issue of people having no home

Poverty = the condition of being poor

Amenities = facilities / conveniences

Impact=the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.

Pesticide = insect killer

Urgent = pressing / needing quick attention

Pollutant = a substance that pollutes

Ecosystem = all living things in an area

Vegetation = Plants and trees in an area

Unprecedented = never seen before / unheard-of

Intervene = step in / become  involved

Hazardous = dangerous to health or safety

Degrade = become spoiled or lower in quality

Safeguard = keep safe /protect

Deforestation = removal of  trees / logging

Maximize = make the most of

Consumption = use

Curb = limit the use of

Emissions = gases released

Abundant = in large quantities / plentiful

Regulate = control  with rules

Scarce = not easy to find =rare

Supply = give or provide a supply

Unsustainable = using more  than can be replaced

 Squander = waste(money, supplies or opportunity)

Exploit = take advantage or make the most of

Biofuels = fuel made from a living thing or waste

Achievable = realistic / attainable

Finite = limited / have end

Development = growth /becoming advanced

Diversity = including different types

Tolerate = willing to accept (BH)

Ongoing = continuing

Scenario = possible future situation

Critical = very serious or important / crucial

Escalate = become worse /intensify

Dispute = argument /disagreement

Contemplate = consider / think carefully

Crisis = extremely bad situation/ emergency

Inevitable = certain to happen / unavoidable

Acknowledge = admit or accept that S is true

Chaos = total confusion / disorder = turmoil

Measures = preventive actions/ steps

Delegate = give tasks to others/ pass on

Monopoly = no competitors/ exclusive control

Demanding = stressful / need a lot of attention

High-street = ordinary or traditional (shops)

Ambitious = having a strong desire to success

Leadership = the ability to lead

Entrepreneurs = people who start businesses

Consequence = Effect or result

Enforce = ensure people obey(law)

Offence = crime

Harsh = very tough (punish.)

Vandalism = damage to property

Predominantly = mostly /largely

Bystander = S watching nearby / onlooker

Weapon = object used to fight

Wrongdoing = any bad or illegal action

Prohibit = legally prevent S / forbid / ban

Lenient = soft = not strict (punishment)

Legalise = make S legal / authorize

Prosecute = legally accuse S of a crime / sue

Punish = Make S suffer for a crime

Paparazzi = celebrity photographers

Speculate = make guess about topic or person

Scrutinize = examine very carefully

Viewer = person watching TV

Censor = control what is published

Manipulate = control S or S in a negative way

Distorted = altered / inaccurate

Controversial = causing disagreement

Spotlight = public attention / publicity / limelight / being in the public eye

Infamous = famous for something  bad or negative / notorious

Imply = suggest Something without stating it

Audience = the who watch or read S

Sacrifice = give up

Moving = causing sadness /emotional

Influence = cause S to change /affect

Inspire = make you want to do or create Something

Convey = communicate or express (emotion)

Venue = place where an event happens

Spectator = person watch a live event

Interactive = actively involving the visitor or user

Escapism = a way to avoid reality to being bore

Imperceptible = invisible /unnoticeable

Insignificant = slight /unimportant

Subtle = small but important

Remnant = piece of the past/ remains

Persist = continue to do happen (negative)

Considerable = large / noticeable / significant

Consistently = in a constant or unchanged way

Marked = very clear/noticeable

Decline = become worse or lower / go down

Plateaued = remained steady or unchanged

Previous = the one before/earlier

Relatively = judged in relation to S else

Comparison = examining the differences

Repeatedly = again and again

Variation = change

Forecast = say what will happen /predicted

Upward = going up

Definitely = in a very clear way

Consequently = as a result